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The Science of X-rays |
Synchrotrons:
– produce ultra-high intensity light over a wide range of energies from infra-red to visible light to ultraviolet to X-rays. - the energy of this light can be precisely tuned allowing many different kinds of element-specific investigations - can be used to determining atomic scale and nanoscale STRUCTURE in proteins, semiconductors, and nanoparticles - can be used to determine the MECHANISM by which superconductors work, cells respire, diseases infect, and catalysts operate - can be used to ANALYZE and IDENTIFY trace quantities of harmful substances in lakes, oceans, air, soils, or human tissues. The Science of Neutrons Neutrons:
–are uncharged, so they can penetrate deep into materials to give precise information about positions and motions of atoms in the interior of a sample.
–are particularly well-suited to study the magnetic structure and properties of materials.
–are especially sensitive to the presence of light elements such as hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen which are found in many biological molecules.
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Small-angle Neutron Scattering Reveals How High Explosives Age Ungracefully Characterizing Industrial Materials such as aircraft engines Improving America’s Billion Dollar Industries: From
Paper Coatings to Baby Diapers Low Weight Magnets for all purposes Imaging fuel sprays More Powerful Computers for the Information Age Tougher Electronic Components Fast-forward to Better DVDs The Next Leap in Computer Size: the Nanoswitch A Major Discovery for Tiny Devices Improved Catalysts Reduce CO2 Emissions New Organic Conductor for Electronic Devices Nobel Prize Work on Gene Transcription Preventing Plaque Formation Slowing the Progress of AIDS Making Methanol: How Bacteria Do It Cheaper, More Efficient Solar Cells Steps Toward Hydrogen Vehicles Discovering Hydrogen Storage Materials Breakthrough Research For Fuel Cells
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